Machine for chamfering gears



' Dec. 23, 1947. R. E. CROSS 2,433,201

MACHINE FOR CHAMFEBING GEARS Filed March 8, 1945 l3 Sheets-Sheet l-INVENTOR.

' Dec. *23, 1947. CROSS 2,433,201

MACHINE FOR CHAMFERING GEARS Filed March 8, 1945 13 Sheets-Sheet 2 E pINVVENTOR.

BY v M,% yflf Dec. 23, 1947. CROSS MACHINE FOR CHAMFERING GEARS FiledMarch 8, 1945 13 Sheets-Sheet 5 Dec. 23, 1947.

R. E. CROSS MACHINE FOR CHAMFERING GEARS Filed March 8,' 1945 13Sheets-Sheet 6 3/6 I INVENTOR. V 7% Z, ('rao-s.

Dec. 23,1947. V R g oss 2,433,201

' MACHINE FOR CHAMFERING GEARS Filed March 8, 1945 13 Sheets-Sheet 7 INVEN TOR. Z Z (9255.

Dec. 23, R. CRQSS I MACHINE FOR CHAMFERING GEARS Filed March 8,1945 1:5Sheets-Sheet 8 IN VEN TOR. 7?:51 27 "54" BY I #770 klyfy- Dec 23, 1947.c oss 2,433,201

MACHINE FOR CHAMFERING GEARS Filed March 8, 1945 15 She ets-Sheet 9INVENTOR. F441,} Z (/2561 Dec. 23, 1947. CROSS 2,433,201

MACHINE FOR CHAMFERING GEA'RS Filed March 8, 1945 V 13 Sheets-Sheet l0INVENTOK Z Z: 6/055.

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Dec. 23, 1947. R. E. CROSS MACHINE FOR CHAMFERING GEARS Filed March 8gwl945 13 Sheets-Sheet ll INVENTOR. 7&2); Ef

Dec. 23, 1947. I cnoss 2,433,201

MACHINE FOR CHAMFERING GEARS Filed March 8, 1945 1s Sheets-Sheet 12INVENTOR. 7 Z (r455.

Dec. 23, 1947. cnoss 2,433,201

. MACHINE FOR CHAMFERING GEARS Filed March a, 1945 13 SheetsSheet 13INVENTOR.

Patented Dec. 23, 1947 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE MACHINE FORCHAMFERING GEARS Ralph E. Cross, Grosse Pointe, Mich.

Application March 8, 1945, Serial No. 581,668

6 Claims. 1

This invention relates to machines for chamfering the teeth of gears,that is, chamfering the end edges thereof so as to remove burrs formedat such edges during machining of the teeth of the gears or for reducingthe width of the ends of the teeth so as to enable two relativelyaxially movable gears to more readily be shifted axially with respect toeach other into inter-meshing engagement.

Objects of the present invention include the provision of mechanism forchamfering gears by means of which a superior result may be obtained andone that will be more economical than existing machines in thechamfering of such gears, particularly in quantity production; theprovision of gear chamfering apparatus that is readily adapted to thechamfering of the teeth of gears of different diameters, different toothforms, to gears regardless of the number of teeth, and to a wide varietyof types of'gears; the provision of apparatus of the type described thatis completely automatic in operation, requiring only the loading of thegears thereon and removal of the gears therefrom; the provision ofapparatus of the type described including a reciprocable cutting elementwhich is bodily moved simultaneous- 1y with its reciprocatory movementin a direction transverse to the' direction of reciprocation to vary itsoperative relation with respect to the tooth of a gear chamberedthereby; the provision of apparatus of the type described in which suchtransverse movement is a swinging movement; the provision of apparatusof the type described in which a second reciprocatory movement of thecutting element in a path transverse to the first-mentionedreciprocatory movement is provided to obtain the desired path ofmovement of the cutting element; the provision of apparatus of the typedescribed in which the cutting element is so constructed and arranged asto simultaneously chamber the adjacent edges of adjacent teeth of agear; the provision of a construction as above described in which thegear is automatically indexed to present consecutive teeth to the actionof the cutting elements as an incident to the remaining operations ofthe apparatus; and the provision of apparatus of the type describedincluding means for supporting a workpiece gear for rotation about itsaxis, for intermittently rotating the gear work blank about its axis,for reciprocating a cutting tool toward and from the gear work-piece intimed relation with respect to the intermittent rotational movementsthereof, and for shifting the cutting tool in a direction transverse tosaid reciprocation simultaneously with said reciprocatory movementthereof.

The above being among the objects of the present invention, the sameconsists in certain novel features of construction and combinations ofparts to be hereinafter described with reference to the accompanyingdrawings, and then claimed, having the above and other objects in view.

In the accompanying drawings which illustrate suitable embodiments ofthe present invention, and in which like numerals refer to like partsthroughout the several different views,

Fig. l is a side elevational view of a gear chamfering machineconstructed in accordance with the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a partially broken plan machine shown in Fig. 1;

view of the Fig. 3 is an end elevational view of the machineshown in thepreceding figures taken as looking at the right hand end thereof asviewed in Figs. 1 and 2;

Fig. 4 is an enlarged fragmentary view taken looking in the direction ofthe arrows 4-4 in Fig. 1, showing the reciprocat-ory slide which carriesthe cutting element and the cutting elements mounted thereon and morespecifically in the direction of the arrows 44 of Fig. 8;

Fig. 5 is an enlarged, fragmentary,. vertical sectional view taken onthe line 5-5 of Fig. 1 and illustrating the mounting of the oscillatorycutter carrying head and the drive thereto;

Fig. 6 is a vertical sectional view through the oscillating cuttercarrying head, taken as on the line 6-6 of Fig. 8 and illustrating themeans employed for efiecting oscillation of the head;

Fig. 7 is an enlarged, horizontal sectional view through the oscillatinghead taken on the line I'l of Fig. 5 and illustrating the means employedin conjunction with the oscillating head for efiecting reciprocation ofthe cutter carrier;

Fig. 8 is a vertical sectional view taken centrally through theoscillating head as on the line 8-8 of Fig. 7; r

Fig. 9 is an enlarged, horizontal sectional view taken through the fixedportion of the machine and on the axis of the work supporting spindle,particularly bringing out the mechanism employed for intermittentlyrotating the work supporting spindle;

Fig. 10 is a slightly enlarged, vertical sectional view through thedriving mechanism and. on the line l0l0 of Fig. 9 and illustrating theconnection between the prime mover and the mechanism driven thereby;

3 Fig. 11 is an enlarged, fragmentary vertical sectional view taken onthe line lI-l| of Fig. 9;

Fig. 12 is an enlarged, fragmentary, front elevational view of thatportion of the machine shown in Fig. 1 including the dovetail forsupporting the slide which carries the oscillatory cutter carrying headand bringing out certain details thereof employed in conjunction withthe adjustment thereof;

Fig. 13 is an enlarged, fragmentary, horizontal sectional view taken onthe line l3l3 of Fig. 12;

Fig. 14 is a vertically sectioned view taken on the line I l-44 of Fig.15 axially through the electrically operated control valve forcontrolling the movement of the cutter carrying head away from operativeposition upon the completion of chamfering of a gear and for returningit to such position when a new gear work blank has been mounted upon thework carrying spindle;

Fig. 15 is a fragmentary, sectional view taken on the line l+-l5 of Fig.3 and illustrating the arrangement of certain oi the control mechanismfor the machine;

Fig. 1 6 is a fragmentary. vertical sectional view taken on theline'l6-.-.-l6 of Fig. 15;

Fig. 17 is a diagrammaticview illustrating the control mechanism forpositioning the cutter carrying head in operative and inoperativeposition;

Fig. 18 is a fragmentary, perspective view illustrating the relation ofthe cutting tool with respect to the teeth of. a spur gear which are tobe chamfered thereby by the use of the machine shown in the precedingfigure;

Fig. 19 is a fragmentary, perspective view of the gear shown in Fig. 18,together with the cutter shown in dot-and-dash lines, illustrating theform of chamfer imparted to the teeth of the gear thereby;

Fig. 20 is a fragmentary, diagrammatic view illustrating therelationship existing between the cutter and the teeth of the gear atthe initiation of a chamfering of the former on the latter;

Fig. 21 is a View similar to Fig. 20 but illustrating the relation ofthe parts at an intermediate point in the cutting operation;

Fig. 22 is a view similar to Figs. 20 and 21 but illustrating therelation of the parts at the completion of a cutting operation and atthe moment the cutting element is about to begin its return movement;

Fig. 23 is a fragmentary, more or less diagrammatic view illustratingthe path of movement of the cutting element with respect to the axiallyouter ends of the teeth of a beveled gear during a chamfering operationon the same in accordance with the present invention;

Fig. 24 is a view illustrating therelative position and relativemovement of the parts where the apparatus of the present invention isemployed for chamfering the inner ends of the teeth of a beveled gear;

Fig. 25 is a fragmentary, more or lessdiagrammatic view illustrating theapplication of the present invention to the chamfering of the inner endsof the teeth of an internal gear;

Fig. 26 is a fragmentary, more or less diagrammatic view illustratingthe application of the present invention to the chamfering of the outerend of the splines of an internally splined member;

Fig. 27 isa view somewhat similar to Fig. 1 but illustrating a modifiedform of construction;

Fig. 28 is an enlarged, fragmentary, partially broken, partiallysectioned, side elevational view of the cutter Or shaper head for themachine shown in Fig. 27;

Fig. 29 is a, slightly enlarged, partially broken, partially sectionalview of the cutter or shaper head shown in Fig. 28 and taken lookingfrom the lefthand face thereof as viewed in Fig. 28;

Fig. 30 is an enlarged horizontal sectional view of the shaper or cutterhead shown in Fig. 28 on the line 38-30 of Fig. 28;

Fig. 31 is an enlarged, fragmentary view taken on the line 3I-3I of Fig.30 showing the cam in end view and in cooperative relationship withrespect to the switch employed for controlling the point at which thecam is stopped in its rotation upon the completion of a piece of work;and

Fig. 32 is an enlarged, fragmentary, sectional view taken on the line3232 of Fig. 31.

The present invention may be briefly described as mechanism by means ofwhich a toothed member, such as a gear, the teeth of which are to bechamfered, is suitably mounted and intermittently rotated so as to bringeach tooth in turn into the correct position to be operated upon by thecutting tool. The cutting tool itself is mounted for reciprocationgenerally in the plane of the end of the tooth to be chamfered. In viewof the fact that the edge of a tooth to be chamfered is not ordinarily astraight line but is curved, it will be appreciated that reciprocatorymovement alone is not sufiicient in such case to provide a constantamount of chamfer for the edge of the tooth. For this reason it isnecessary that the cutting tool have a movement in addition to thereciprocatory movement thereof and in accordance with the presentinvention this is accomplished by shifting the cutting element duringsuch reciprocation in a direction transverse to the line of suchreciprocation. Such shifting of the cutting tool may be accomplished inany suitable manner. For instance, it may be accomplished by swingingthe cutting element, during its reciprocatory movement, about a pivotalaXis in such a manner that the cutting element may have a constant depthof cut with respect to the edge of the tooth being chamfered. On theother hand, it may have a second reciprocatory movement imparted to itto effect the same ultimate result. The mechanism is such that themovement of the tool may be varied to accommodate it to any tooth edgecurvature that a p ece of work may have and in fact it may be adjustedto chamfer the edges of straight sided teeth if necessary.

The mechanism of the present invention is, furthermore, adapted to thechamfering of substantially all types of gears whether these be spur,ring, bevel, or internal gears and whether they be of the spiral orstraight tooth type. Furthermore, it is adapted to the chamfering of theends of splines which may be formed either externally of a piece of workor within the bore thereof.

While the mechanism of the present invention may be constructed tochamfer one edge of one tooth of a gear at a time, it will beappreciated that in the interests of high productivity it is preferableto chamfer two edges simultaneously and in the preferred embodiments ofthe invention shown in the drawings by way of illustration thearrangement is such that during each reciprocatory movement of thecutter it simultaneously chamfers the adjacent edges of two adjacentteeth. By the same token it may, as will be appreciated, be designed foruse, as by the use of adifferently formed cutting element, to

of course, effected in timed relation with respect.

to the indexing mechanism for intermittently turning the workpiece andthis indexing mechanism is so constructed and arranged as to permit itsadjustment to accommodate a single machine to the chamfering of gearshaving different numbers of teeth and, of course, the machine isadjustable additionally to provide for the chamfering of gears havingrelatively widely different diameters.

The mechanism or machine of the present invention is essentially a highproduction machine and in carrying out'this function means arepreferably provided whereby upon completion of the chamfering operationson one face of the gear the machine is automatically stopped and thework is exposed for ready removal and replacement by an unmachined partor face. Thus once the machine is set up for production all that may benecessary for a workman to do is to apply and remove the work from thmachine and simply press a button after work has been applied thereto inorder to set the machine in operation.

Reference has heretofore been made regarding the obtaining of a constantdepth of cut of the cutter with respect to the work during thechamfering operation. While ordinarily it will be appreciated that thiswill be preferable, there may be instances where it may be desired tovary the amount of chamfer over the length of a tooth and this may bereadily accomplished by the use of the present invention as willhereinafter be more fully appreciated from the description thereof.

Now, referring to the accompanying drawings and particularly to Figs. 1,2 and 3 it will be seen that the machine in question comprises a hollowcast metal base 3t upon one end of which is fixed what may be termed awork head indicated generally at 32 and in which is mounted themechanism for supporting the workpiece and driving it in the desiredintermittent motion. The work head 32 may also contain the driving motoras will hereinafter be more specifically brought out.

As best brought out inFigs. 2 and 3 at the end of the base an oppositethe work head 32, the base 30 on its upper surface is provided withhorizontally arranged ways 34 extending longitudinally of the base 30,that is to right and left as viewed in Fig. 2. Upon the ways 34 isreceived a slide 36 and which, therefore, is movable toward and from thework head 32. The slide 36 in turn is formed, on its upper face with ahorizontal dovetail 38 extending transversely to the length of the ways34 and a slide 40 is mounted on the dovetail 38. Conventional manuallyrotatable screw means 39 cooperate between the slide 36 and the slide 40to permit the position of the slide 40 to be adjusted on the dovetail38. A detailed showing of such screw means is not given inasmuch as itis of a conventional type well recognized by those skilled in themachine tool art. The slide 40 in turn supports the cutter or shaperhead indicated generally at 42. In the particular construction shown inFigs. 1 to 8, inclusive, the cutter head 42 includes means forsupporting and reciprocating cutting tool and for causing a pivotalmovement of the cutting tool during the reciprocation where necessaryand as previously described. This mechanism is suitably connected withthe indexing mechanism in the work head 32 so that both 6 mechanismsoperate in timed relation with respect to each other.

Now, referring to Fig. 5, which is a fragmentary, vertical sectionalview taken transversely of the machine on the line 5-5 of Fig. 1 andparticularly through the cutter head 42 thereof and the.

driving mechanism therefor where employing the swinging type of cutteror shaper head as brought out in Figs. 1 to 8, inclusive, it will benoted that the slide 36 is hollow and is provided therein with atransverse shaft 44 bridging the opposite side walls thereof andsupported in such walls by the anti-friction bearings 45 and 48,respectively. The slide 4!] which is mounted thereon has fixed to itslower face a housing 59 which projects down through a slot 52 in theupper wall of the slide 36. Rotatably but relatively fixed against axialmovement in the housing 56 in concentric relation with respect to theshaft 44 is a sleeve member 54 which is splined to the shaft 44 forequal rotation therewith but is free to move axially with respectthereto. The sleeve member 54 has fixed to it within the housing 50 abevel gear 56.

The cutter or shaper head 42 includes a base 58 received in flatcontacting relationship with respect to the upper face of the slide 40and it is provided with a depending central sleeve 6|] which is receivedin piloted relationship with respect to a complementary opening formedvertically through the slide 42. It is also provided with an integralupwardly projecting sleeve 62 concentric with the sleeve 60 and withinthese sleeves is mounted a vertically directed shaft 64. A hearing 66 isprovided between the shaft 64 and the upper end of the sleeve 62 and asimilar bearing 68 between the shaft 64 and the lower end of the sleeve60. The lower end of the shaft 64 projects within the housing 50 whereit is provided with a bevel gear 10 in meshing relationship with respectto the bevel gear 56. The base 58 is clamped to the slide 40 by bolts H(best shown in Figs. 1 and 12) the heads of which are received in acircular T-slot Ha (Fig. 5) formed in the upper face of the slide 40. Bythis means the base and, therefore, the cutter or shaper head 42 may beadjusted to any desired normal position on the slide 40 about the axisof the sleeve 60.

A ring member 12 is fixed to the upper face of the base 58 by screws orbolts 13 and is provided with a flat upper surface normal to the axis ofthe shaft 64 and seated upon such upper surface is the housing proper 14of the cutter head 42. The housing 14 concentrically with the shaft 64and sleeve 62 has fixed to its lower face a depending bearingrring 'llibetween which and the periphery of the sleeve 62 are mounted suitableantifriction bearing assemblies 78 which mount the housing 14 forrotation about the axis of the shaft 64. A ring 80 of sheet brass orother suitable anti-friction material may be interposed between thematching faces of the ring member 12 and the housing 14 as shown, andpreferably a ring 82 of felt or the like is also interposed between suchsurfaces to prevent the entrance of dust or other foreign material tothe bearings 18. It will be noted that a nut 84 threaded on the upperend of the sleeve 62 cooperates through the inner race of the upperbearing 18 to limit axial play between the housing 14 and the sleeve 62and, therefore, with respect to the slide 40 and that the housing 14 isthus mounted for rotational movement on the slide 40 about the axis ofthe shaft '64. It will also be noted that the shaft 64 has fixed to itsupper end within the housing 14 a, bevel gear 86.

Referring now to Figs. 7 and 8 it will be noted that the cutter orshaper head housing I4 is provided with a pair of transverse walls 88and 90 which are centrally apertured .to receive the anti-frictionbearing assemblies 92 and 94, respectively. These bearings rotatablysupport the horizontal shaft 96 which has fixed thereto between thebearings a bevel gear 68 which lies in mesh with the gear 66. Outwardlyof the wall 88 the housing I4 is formed to provide a pocket or chamberI60 which is bounded at its outer end in a fiat face I02 formed on thecorresponding end of the housing I4. Against the fiat face I02 a toolslideI64 is received. The upper and lower edges of the tool slide I04are beveled as best shown in Fig. 8 and are complementarily received byway strips I06 and I08 secured to the corresponding end of the housingI4. These way strips cooperate with the flat face I02 of the housing I4to provide a dovetail for receiving the slide I04 and guiding it forreciprocatory movement in a horizontal direction.

Reciprocation is imparted to the slide I04 in the following manner. Theend of the shaft 96 projecting through the wall 88 is provided with anenlarged head H to which is fixed and from which projects a pin H2arranged with its axis in parallel but eccentric relation with respectto the axis of the shaft 96. Reference also to Fig. 4 will aid in theunderstanding of this part of the structure. An inwardly projectingpin'l I4 is fixed to the slide I04 and projects to within the chamberI00. A short link H6 is pivotally connected at its opposite ends to thepins I I2 and I I4, respectively. It will thus be appreciated that asthe shaft 96 rotates the pin H2 is caused to move in a rotary path andbeing connected by the link II6 to the pin II4 which is fixed to thetool slide I04, the tool slide I04 is caused to reciprocate inconformance therewith.

While in the broader aspects of the invention it will be appreciatedthat the cutting tool may be mounted on the cutter slide I64 in anysuitable or conventional manner, in the particular constructionillustrated a plate member -I I8 is suitably bolted to the outer face ofthe'tool slide I04. The cutting tool or cutter is illustrated at I20 andas being fixed to the plate I I6 by means of a clamping member I22 andclamp screw'I24, the tool in such case projecting beyond the righthandend of the tool slide I04 as brought out in Fig. 4. For permitting afine control of. the axial position of the cutter blade I 20 -a screwI26 threaded through a lug I28 integral with the plate H8 is arranged inparallel relation with respect to the path of movement of the tool I20between the clamp I22 and the plate H8 and in abutting relationship withrespect to the inner end of the cutter I20.

From the description .thus far given it will be appreciated that themechanism provided includes means for mounting the cutter I20 forreciprocatory movement on the cutter or shaper head 42 in a horizontaldirection and in a straight line movement with respect thereto. Thefollowing mechanism is provided in the construction thereof shown inFigs. 1 to 8 for simultaneously imparting a movement to the cutter bladewhich will cause it to follow a curved path, this being required for thereasons heretofore given. It will be noted in Figs. '7 and 8 that thetransverse wall 90 is spaced inwardly from the corresponding end of thehousing 14 and such end is open but is closed by a removable cap orcover I30, thus forming a chamber I32 between the wa1l00 and the coverI30. The shaft 96 projects into the chamber I32 and is there providedwith a peripheral type of cam I34 fixed to it. Ihe bottom wall ofthe'housing I4 below the cam I34 is cut away so as to expose the upperface of the member 12 and fixed to the upper face of the member I2within such cut-away portion is an upwardly projecting standard orbracket I36, the upper-end of which is bifurcated and receives thereinin horizontal alignment with the center of the cam I34 a roller I38,best shown in Fig. 6, rotatably supported upon the pin I40. A coilspring I42 maintained under tension between the bracket I36 and ananchor member I44 mounted in the wall of the housing I4 on that side ofthe shaft 96 opposite the bracket I36 constantly urges the housing '14to rotate about the axis of the shaft 64 in a direction to constantlyand resilient- 1y press the cam I34 against the roller I38. The contourof the cam I34 is such in any case, and depending upon the curvature ofthe tooth edge to be chamfered, that as the shaft 96 is rotated to causereciprocation of the cutter slide I04 it simultaneously rotates the camI34 and through the cam I34 the housing 14 is caused to oscillate aboutthe axis of the shaft 64 so as to cause the cutter I20, in theparticular case shown, to move along a curved path. It will beappreciated that the curvature of this path is controlled by the contourof the cam I34 and the contour of the cam I34 is such as to control thecurvature of the path of movement of the cutting edges of the tool I20to effect the desired depth of cut of the cutting element I20 on theedges of the teeth being machined thereby.

It will thus be appreciated that rotation of the shaft 44 causesrotation of the shaft 64 and, accordingly, the shaft 96, and rotation ofthe latter acting through the eccentric pin I I2 reciprocation of thetool slide I04, and through the cam I34 oscillation of the housing I4 intimed relation to the reciprocatory movements of the tool slide I04. Thecutter head 42 being mounted upon the slide 40 and because of the splineconnection between the shaft 44 and the sleeve 54, may be moved to anyposition transversely of the Width of the slide 36 to accommodate anysize of gear within the capacity of the machine. Incidentally it may benoted at this point that the inner, or righthand end of the shaft 44 asviewed in Fig. 5 has fixed thereto a bevel gear I46 through whichmovement is imparted thereto in a manner which will hereinafter bedescribed.

The construction of the work head 32 is brought out in Figs. 9, 10 and11. As there indicated it comprises a hollow housing or casing I50within which a main drive shaft I52 is suitably supported by bearingsI54 and I56. One end of the shaft I52 projects out through the back faceof the housing I50 where it is supported in the bearing I54 by means ofthe plate or closure I58 closing the opening I60 in the housing topermit the introduction of the shaft I52 with the gears hereinafterdescribed assembled thereto. The outwardly projecting end of the shaftI52 is provided with a bevel gear I62 fixed thereto.

The drive shaft I52 may be driven in any suitable or conventional mannerbut in the preferred embodiment of the invention it is provided with aworm gear I64 fixed to it between th bearings I54 and I56. The worm gearI64 meshes with a worm wheel I66 which, as best brought out in Fig. 10,is formed integrally with a vertical shaft I 58 rotatably supported atits lower end by a bearing assembly I'I0 supported by a bracket I'I2formed integrally with a vertical wall I14 preferably formed integrallywith the housing I50. The wall H4 is connected at its upper end to ashort transverse wall I16 which supports a bearing assembly Ila in whichthe upper end of the shaft I 68 is rotatably supported. Above the wallI16 the shaft has fixed thereto a sheave I18 which is connected by abelt I80 with a sheave or pulley I 82 fixed to the shaft I84 of anelectric motor I85 disposed within the housing I50 and suitablysupported therein.

Now referring to Fig. 9 it will be noted that the bearing I56 issupported in an inwardly projecting flange or bracket I90 formedintegrally with the adjacent wall of the housing I50. The shaft I52 atthis point is enlarged and has formed integrall therewith a bevel gearI92. The bevel gear I 92 lies in mesh with a bevel gear I94 which isfixed to a shaft I55 suitably supported for rotation in bearingassemblies I98 mountedin the corresponding wall of the housing I50. Theouter end of the shaft I06 carries the constantly rtating member of anysuitable or conventional intermittent motion mechanism and which may,for instance, be of the conventional Geneva motion type and is so shown.In other words, the outer end of the shaft I06 has fixed thereto a disc200 from which projects a forwardly extending pin 2532 which is adaptedto consecutively engage the pockets 204 in the circular member 208mounted substantially directl below the shaft I95. The member 28 isfixed to one end of a shaft 2 I0 extending between opposite side wallsof the housing 252 in perpendicular relationship with respect to theaxis of the drive shaft I52 as viewed in Fig. 9 and is provided withsuitable hearings in such opposite side walls as will be appreciated. Itwill thus be understood that as the shafts I52 and I95 rotate at auniform angular speed the inter-engagement of the pin 202 of theconstantly rotating member 20 in consecutively engaging the pockets 254of the member 208 will impart a step-by-step movement of the member 208and, therefore, to the shaft 2I0, the character of the intermittentmotion thus applied to the shaft 2 I0, that is the angular extent ofeach step of angular movement of the member 2| 0, being determined bythe number of pockets 204 in the member 208.

It may be noted and as brought out in Fig. 9 that that side face of thehousing -I through which the shaft I96 projects is provided with. an

The Shaft m projects out ou h the wall or the housing I50 opposite tothe wall just referred to and on such projecting end has secured theretofor equal rotation therewith a spur gear 298, preferably through someconventional form of mechanism such as indicated at 225 which willpermit its position angularly of the shaft 2I0 to be readily varied.Another shaft 222 is suitably supported by the housing I5 in paralleland spaced relation with respect to the shaft 2! 0 and has non-rotatablysecured thereto a spur .110 gear 224 in the same vertical plane as'thegear 2I8." Between the shafts-2 I0 and 222'is a stub shaft 226 mountedin a conventional manner, as in ashiftable slotted member 221, forshiftable movement between the shafts 2I0 and 222,.and the stub shaft226 rotatably supports an idler gear 228 which lies in mesh with boththe gears 2I8 and 224 and, therefore, serves to provide a drivingconnection between them. The connec tion between the shafts 2I0 and 222is, therefore, similarto the feed gearing conventionally employed onlathes between the spindle and the feed screw and is not believed torequire a detailed showing and description of the same for that reason.However, it will be appreciated that this gearing, similar to such feedgearing of a lathe, permits substitution of the various gears so as topermit any desired driving ratio to be established between the shafts2I0 and 222;

To the left of the'shaft 222 as viewed in Fig. 9 and parallel therewithis the work spindle 230 which comprises a relatively large and heavyshaft rotatably' supported in one side wall of the housing I by abearing assembly 232- and in the intermediate wall 234 formed integrallywith the housing I50 by the-bearing assembly 230. Fixed to the'spindle230 between the bearings 232 and 236 is a relatively large spur gear230. The gear 238 lies in mesh with a gear 240 fixedto the inner end ofthe shaft 222. Thus the spindle 230 is drivingly connected to the intermitten'tly rotatable shaft 2 I 0.

Theouter end of the spindle 230 is enlarged as 213242 and projects outthrough the cover member 2E4 which is sealed with respect thereto bysuitable packing means 244. At its inner end the large portion 242 isprovided with a peripheral flange 246. Fixed to the enlarged end'242within the chamber 2I0 and against the fiange'246 is a relatively largewheel or disc 248 having an axially directed annular flange 250 in whicha plurality of pins 252 are secured and from which the pins projectaxially inwardlybeyond the inner edge of theflange 250. The pins 252 areequally angularly spaced with respect to each other about the axis ofthe wheel or disc 248 and it will be understood that there are as manypins 252 as there are teeth on the gear to be chamfered, shown as thegear 254. The pins 252 serve as a part of the mechanism for looking thespindle 230 and, therefore, the gear 254 to be chamfered and carriedthereby for a chamfering operation in each successive position ofrotation thereof required to bring the successive teeth of the'gear 254into cooperative relationship with respect to the cutter I20 on thecutter or shaper head required for the chamfering operation.

To utilize the pins 252 as a means for positively locking'the spindle230 in each of its angularly shifted positions the following mechanismis provided. At the inner end of the shaft I52 a rod or shaft 254 ismounted for reciprocatory movement in a direction parallel with theaxisof the spindle 230 and in line wlththat circle of the flange 250 of thewheel or disc 248 on whichthe axes of the various pins 252 are located.The inner end of the shaft 254 is supported in a bearing 255 carried byan extension 258 of the bracket I90, and its outer end is reciprocablymounted in a removable bushing 200 projected through the correspondingside wall of the housing I50. Intermediate its ends the shaft 254 isenlarged as at 202 and is provided with a transverse slot 264 therein. Apin 265 is fixed in the enlarged inner end of the shaft I52 in eccentricrelation with respect to the axis thereof 'andprojects axially outwardlybeyond such end where it receives thereon a roller 268 which isrelatively closely received in the slot 264 of the shaft 254. It willthus be appreciated that as the shaft I52 rotates the connection betweenit and the shaft 254 will cause the shaft 254 to reciprocate.

The outer end of the shaft 254 is bored out as indicated at 210 to adiameter to relatively closely receive a pin 252 therein and the lengthof the shaft or rod 254 is such that when the shaft 254 is at the outerlimit of its reciprocatory movement its outer end projects into closebut preferably slightly spaced relation with respect to the rim 2500fthe wheel'or disc 248. The relative positionof the pins252 onthe wheelor disc 248 are such that they are brought, one after the other, intoalignment'with the shaft 254 each time the Geneva movement member 208hesitates in its rotary movement, at which time the shaft 254 movesoutwardly in its reciprocable movement so as to embrace the particularpin 252 then aligned therewith and thus to positively lock the spindle230 in a predetermined angular position and against rotation duringa'material portion of each complete rotation of the shaft 452, thisbeing in timed relation to the reciprocatory and the swinging movementsof the cutter blade I20 required to effect the chamfering operation onthe gear teeth then positioned for engagement therewith. It will beappreciated that in the broader aspects of the invention the mechanismjustdescri-bed is indicative of'any suitable mechanism for positivelylocating and locking the spindle and-the work-carried therebysuccessively in predetermined angular positions required to position thesuccessive teeth of the gear carried thereby for proper cooperation withthe chamfering mechanism.

It will be appreciated that any suitable'means may be provided formounting the gear 254 or other workpiece upon the outer end of thespindle 230 but in order to explain the structure shown in thedrawingemployed for this purpose it may be noted that a fluid cylinder, whichmay be either an air or hydraulic cylinder and piston assembly such as280,-best shown in Fig. 9, but which is herein considered as being ofthe hydraulic type, is mounted on the rear end of the spindle 230co-axially therewith. The piston rod282 of the cylinder assembly 285 hasfixedto it a rod 234 which projects through the hollow spindle 238 andbeyond the forward end thereof where it is provided with a head 286. Inoperation the gear 254 is slipped over the head 286 and into engagementwith suitable locating means on the forwardend of the spindle 233, aU-washer 288 is slipped over the'rod 284 under the head 286 and againstthe forward face of the gear 254, and thenthe assembly 280 is operatedto retract the piston therein and'thus to clamp the gear 254against theend of the spindle 230. The control for the cylinder 280 may be disposedat any suitable position for the convenience of the operator ofthe'machine, and is illustrated as comprising a foot operated pedal 288in Figs. 1 and 16..

As illustrated in the latter figure'the pedal is pivoted to the base 30at 290 and operates a valve 252 through a rod 294 and lever 296, thevalve 292 being connected to the cylinder 2B through tubes has'fixed toit axially outwardly of the worm wheel I64 a spur gear 394'. The spurgear 304 lies in mesli'with a pinion 38% mounted on a shaft 308rotatably supported in the boss 3 I 0 formed on the upper inner face ofthe closure or cover I58 in which the outer end of the drive shaft I52is rotatably supported. The outer end of the shaft 308 projects into apocket formed in the outer face ofthe closure I58 and which pocket is inturn closed by a removable cover 3l2, forming a pumping chamber 314. Animpeller 3H5 is fixed to the shaft 308 within the chamber 3H5 andcooperates with the Walls of the pump chamber 3H5 to provide a fluidpressure pump. The inlet side of the pump thus formed is connected to asuitable lubricant reservoir (not shown) and which, for in-- stance; maybe located either in the lower portion of the housing I50 or in the base30. The discharge side of the pump thus formed is connected by suitableducts (not shown) with the various wearingsurfaces of the movable partsin the work head'32.

A separate oiling system for the cutter or shape! head 42 and itsassociated mechanism is also provided. This is accomplished, as bestbrought out in Figs. 5 and 13, by projecting the end of the shaft 44outwardly beyond the forward face of the slide 36 Where it is enclosedby a housing member 320 removably secured to such face. Within thehousing member 328 the shaft 54 has fixed thereto a cam 322. The housing320 has formed therein a'bore 32-4, forming a cylinder and arranged withits axis in perpendicular and intersecting relationship with respect tothe axis of the shaft M. Reciprocably received in the bore 324 is apiston member 326 which is constantly urged into en gagement with thecam 322 by means of a coil spring 3-28 held under compression betweenthe piston 32B and a plug 335 threaded into the outer end'of the bore324. Suitable check valve controlled inlet and outlet ports (not shown)opening onto the bore 324 between the piston 325 and the plug 330connect, respectively, with a suitable source of lubricant and withpassages leading to the various wearing surfaces of the mechanism withinand supported by the slide 33. Such passages are, for instance,illustrated as the bores 332 and 334 in Fig. 5, the bores 336 and 338 inFig. 7, and the bore 34-0 in Fig. 8, and others.

In order to drive the mechanism associated with the cutter or shaperhead 42 from and in timed relation with respect to the mechanism withinthe work head 32 the following mechanism is provided. As best broughtout in Fig. 2 a housing 350 is rotatably mounted upon the outer end ofthe shaft I52 about the bevel gear I62 secured thereto. Likewise ahousing 352 is rotatably mounted upon the outer end of the shaft 44 andabout the bevel gear 146 thereon. A shaft 35d arranged with its axisperpendicular to the axes of the shafts ill and 152 is rotatably mountedin the housing 35!! and suitably maintained against axial movement withrespect thereto, and fixed to the shaft 355 within the housing 350 is abevel gear 356 in meshing relationship with respect to the gear I62.

The housing 352 rotatabl supports a bevel gear 358 therein and holds itagainst axial movement. The exterior of the shaft 352 is splined asindicated at 350 and the bore of the gear 358 is complementarily splinedfor reception thereof so as to be relatively non-rotatable but axiallyslidable with respect thereto. The gear 358 lies, of course, in meshingrelationship with respect to the bevel gear I46 so that rotation of thedrive shaft I52 in the work head causes simultaneous 13 rotation of theshaft 44 through which the drive to the cutter or shaper head isimparted.

The ratio of the gearing between these two last-mentioned heads is suchthat one complete cycle of operation, that is a complete reciprocationof the cutter slide 304 and the cutter blade I20 carried thereby, inboth directions, will be eifected each time the spindle 3.250 is movedthrough the increment of angular movement thereof determined by theGeneva drive mechanism therefor, so as to permit a machining operationto be carried out on each tooth of the gear 54 in turn as it is broughtinto operative relationship with respect to the cutter blade i251.Regulation of the reciprocato-ry movement of the cutter blade I20 so asto be of proper phase with the positioning of the teeth of the gear 254may be accomplished in any suitable manner, such as by shifting theposition of the member 225 with respect to the gear 2) on the shaft 2I0as previously explained.

Preferably the splined shaft 354 and the gears I62 and 356 and the gearsI46 and 358 are protected against dust, dirt or the like and to this endthe housing 352 is provided with a cylindrical extension 362 withinwhich the free end of the shaft 354 may project and within which it ishoused when so projected. Between the housings 350 and 352 is a housing354 formed of relatively telescoping parts sealed to the housings 350and 352 and surrounding the shaft 354 therebetween. The telescopingsections permit extension and contraction of the housing 364 between thehousings 550 and 352 during shifting of the slide 36 longitudinally ofthe ways 34 as will be appreciated, and the splined connections betweenthe shaft 354 and the gear 358 maintains the operative drivingrelationship between these parts during such shifting movement.

With the above described mechanism in mind it will be appreciated thatthe work or gear 254 is intermittently rotated to bring each tooththereof into a predetermined position to be operated upon by the cuttingelement I20 and each time the gear 254 comes to rest after eachintermittent rotary motion the tool slide I04 carrying the plate H8 andcutting element I20 will be reciprocated to bring the cutting elementinto engagement with at least one tooth of the gear 254 and the cutteror shaper head 42 will be simultaneously rotated to cause the cuttingedges of the cutting element I20 to move in a curved path the shape ofwhich is so controlled as to remove the desired amount of metal from theouter corners of each tooth thus engaged by the cutting element. Therelative movement between the cutting element and the gear teeth is bestbrought out in sheet 9 of the drawings, namely in Figs. 18, 19, 20, 21and 22 shown thereon and at least in some of which the relation of theparts are shown in more or less diagrammatic manner to facilitate thedescription thereof and to make it more easily understood.

Now as previously mentioned and as will be appreciated by those skilledin the art the relation of the parts, the shape of the cutting edges ofthe cutting element, and the control of the path of movement of thecutting edges of the cutting elements with respect to the teeth of thegear may be such that one edge of one tooth only may be operated upon atone time, the opposite edges at one'end of one tooth may besimultaneously chamfered or, and as shown by way of illustration, theadjacent edges of adjacent teeth may be simultaneously chamfered. Eitherspace between the teeth of the work gear.

of the last two procedures are preferable in the interests of greaterproduction.

With the above explanation in mind it will be noted that in such casethe cutting element I20 is of a truncated V section so as to provide atone end thereof cutting edges 31!]. The cutting element I20 is mountedwith its broad face or base in flat contacting relationship with respectto the plate. member H8 on the tool slide I54 and with its center linein a horizontal plane including the axis of the spindle 230 and,therefore, of the gear 254 to be operated upon, and the gear 254 is soangularly related with respect to the spindle 230 that in its at restposition two adjacent teeth, or at least the ends of two adjacent teethwhich are to be chamfered are located equidistant on either side of saidplane. Preferably, although not necessarily, as best brought out in Fig.20 which illustrates the position of the cutter or shaper head shortlyafter it has started on a cutting stroke and about the time the cuttingelement begins to engage the cooperating teeth of the gear 254, theplane of reciprocation of the tool slide I04 is approximately parallelto the plane including the edges of the two teeth which are about to bechamfered. Where these teeth are the teeth of a spur gear as illustratedin Figs. 18 to 22, inclusive, such plane is the plane of one axial faceof the gear. Also, when it is a spur type of gear whose teeth are to bechamfered, the slide 36 is positioned on the ways 34 so as to effectinitial contact between the cutting element I20 and the cooperatingteeth of the gear 254, near the back or widest face of the cuttingelement I20, that is, at a point in the thickness of the cutting elementI20 where the cutting edges 310 are more widely spaced from one anotherand as brought out in Fig. 18, as well as in Fig. 20.

It will be appreciated that if the cutting element I20 was permitted tocontinue its reciprocatory movement in its initially positioneddirection the cutting element I20 would simply gouge or remove an everincreasing amount of metal from the teeth of the gear as itsreciprocation in an operative or cutting direction proceeded, whereas itis assumed and as will ordinarily be the case, that a constant depth orcross-sectional area of metal is desired to be removed alongsubstantially the full depth of each tooth to provide a constant widthof chamfered surface. It is, therefore, necessary to withdraw the end ofthe cutting element I20 axially away from the gear 254 as the cuttingelement moves inwardly of the teeth towards the axis of the gear inorder to bring those portions of the cutting edges more closely spacedfrom one another into effective cutting position, and at a rate ofmovement commensurate with the cross-sectional contour of the In theparticular case so far described and as specifically illustrated inFigs. 1 to 8, inclusive, this withdrawal movement of the operative endof the cutting element I20 is effected by pivoting the cutter or shaperhead 42 about the axis of the shaft 64 through the medium of the cam I34acting through the roller I38 on the bracket I36. Thus the cuttingelement I22 as it moves inwardly towards the axis of the gear 254 ismoved axially away from the gear 254 so that, and as brought out in Fig.19, a constant amount of metal is removed from the edges of the twoengaged teeth of the gear 54 to provide a constant amount of chamfer,illustrated in Fig. 19 as at 372, on each such edge.

The cross-sectional contour of the cutting ele-

